美國芝加哥大學等處的研究人員發現，飼養于無菌環境或剛出生時給予抗生素的老鼠，缺乏一種似乎可預防食物過敏的常見腸道細菌。相關文章發表于2014年8月25日的《PNAS》雜志上。

這種稱為梭狀芽孢桿菌(Clostridia)的細菌，似乎可減少老鼠對花生過敏的可能性，研究人員希望探究對人類是否也如此。

同時，根據刊登于美國《國家科學院學報(Proceedings of the National Academy of sciences)》的報告，研究人員發現，在老鼠長大后給予含有梭狀芽孢桿菌的益生菌，可能扭轉過敏情況。

美國芝加哥大學(University of Chicago)食物過敏教授、資深研究作者納格勒(Cathryn Nagler)表示：“諸如過度使用抗生素、高脂肪飲食、剖腹產、移除常見病原體、甚至是配方喂養，都會影響與我們共同演化出來的微生物。”

納格勒說：“從我們的研究結果可得知，這會增加對食物過敏的機率。”

原文摘要：

Commensal bacteria protect against food allergen sensitization

Andrew T. Stefka, Taylor Feehley, Prabhanshu Tripathi, Ju Qiu, Kathy McCoy,Sarkis K. Mazmanian, Melissa Y. Tjota, Goo-Young Seo, Severine Cao, Betty R. Theriault,Dionysios A. Antonopoulos, Liang Zhou, EuGENE B. Chang, Yang-Xin Fu and Cathryn R. Nagler

Environmentally induced alterations in the commensal microbiota have been implicated in the increasing prevalence of food allergy. We show here that sensitization to a food allergen is increased in mice that have been treated with antibiotics or are devoid of a commensal microbiota. By selectively colonizing gnotobiotic mice, we demonstrate that the allergy-protective capacity is conferred by a Clostridia-containing microbiota. Microarray analysis of intestinal epithelial cells from gnotobiotic mice revealed a previously unidentified mechanism by which Clostridia regulate innate lymphoid cell function and intestinal epithelial permeability to protect against allergen sensitization. Our findings will inform the development of novel approaches to prevent or treat food allergy based on modulating the composition of the intestinal microbiota.

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